tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16114342282123562942024-02-18T20:10:16.578-08:00LET'S BLOGAndrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.comBlogger22125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-64364249214777138572013-09-20T13:20:00.002-07:002013-09-22T16:19:20.980-07:00Entry # 11 - METACOGNITIVE ANALYSIS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span lang="EN-GB"></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="text-align: left; text-decoration: underline; text-indent: 0px;">How do I feel about my writing performance?</span></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="text-align: left; text-decoration: underline; text-indent: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjG_W69eJ6a9k7WcOJ-3zfl5kw6oCee2UXcBGZpOxyPVdzYhLGB_P1dhSjCbWVmQRrtBU0NIwXrw5zHDQSi-UjdFMIdDVsun8ZypWI3JHlYl_yep9sIKW593aGC9LCFuQ4J6vE3CfvRg4D/s1600/url.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjG_W69eJ6a9k7WcOJ-3zfl5kw6oCee2UXcBGZpOxyPVdzYhLGB_P1dhSjCbWVmQRrtBU0NIwXrw5zHDQSi-UjdFMIdDVsun8ZypWI3JHlYl_yep9sIKW593aGC9LCFuQ4J6vE3CfvRg4D/s320/url.gif" width="260" /></a></span></span></div>
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Going through a metacognitive analysis proves to be a very <span style="background-color: yellow;">juicy</span> exercise at the end of a course. Every time we reflect on our developement we are revising what we have actually learnt. Sincerity and objectivity are vital concepts at this point and when we find that the weak points have been <span style="background-color: yellow;">lowered</span>, we obtain certainty and self-confidence. After being requested to undergo such an analysis, it is of great importance to revise both improvements and weak points as well, as one's actual perfomance will be defined after the analysis of both aspects.</div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB"> As far as my
personal development in writing is concerned, I feel that a significant
improvement has been evidenced in both the outcomes and my self-assessment.
Firstly, having worked with the specific vocabulary has helped me to
approximate to the requested genre. Secondly, I was able to recognize my
mistakes more easily and consequently, I could take advantage of the editing
step and make this process more efficient. Finally, I recovered the pleasure
for writing, which had been lost a couple of years ago. All these events made
me feel more confident with the subject itself and my subsequent written
productions.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">When considering
the weak points, there are still some obstacles I would like to surpass with
ease in the future. My weakest point this term has been confusing terms of
British origin with others from American origin. This produced my not
maintaining both local and global coherence of the text. Furthermore, another
less serious difficulty was the permanent necessity to return to the theory whenever
citing was requested. Finally, I had to make an enormous effort to maintain the
unity of the texts as once I started writing about a topic, a lot of ideas
started to flow from my mind and I found such a flow of ideas extremely
difficult to control. Although weak points were present, the fact that I was able to recognize them on time help me to avoid further mistakes when writing.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">All in all, I
feel that the theory we were given to read has been very important for my
personal development in the subject. Having known about the writing steps and
having <span style="background-color: yellow;">clarified</span> the concepts of unity, coherence and cohesion made me fell
more confident during the assignments. </span><span style="text-indent: 35.4pt;">Although there is still a</span><span style="text-indent: 35.4pt;"> </span><span style="background-color: yellow; text-indent: 35.4pt;">long</span><span style="text-indent: 35.4pt;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; text-indent: 35.4pt;">way</span><span style="text-indent: 35.4pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 35.4pt;">to go, </span><span style="text-indent: 35.4pt;">significant improvements have been evidenced so far, and my being able to detect my weak points has also been really important. </span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><b><u>Working with synomym pairs</u></b>:<br />
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<span style="color: red;">Juicy</span>: Syns. interesting, colourful, sensational, vivid, provocative, spicy.<br />
Interesting: that takes and keeps one's interest; giving entertainment.<br />
<b>Juicy=interesting.</b><br />
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<span style="color: red;">Lower</span>: Syns. to submerge, lessen, cut, reduce, moderte, diminish, decrease, slash, prune, minimize.<br />
Lower: to make or become smaller in aount, degree, strength.<br />
Reduce: to make less in size, amount, price, degree, etc<br />
<b>lower=reduce</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<span style="color: red;">Clarify:</span> Syns. <span style="color: red;"> </span>explain, resolve, interpret, illuminate, explicate, clear the air about, shed light on.<br />
Clarify: to make clearer and easier to understand, esp. by explaining and giving more details.<br />
Interpret: to understand the likely meaning of a statement, action, etc.<br />
<b>clarify=interpret</b><br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;">Long:</span> Syn.extended, elongated, extensive, lengthy./ Prolonged, slow, dragging, interminable<br />
Long: measuring a large amount from one end to the other.<br />
Extensive: large in amount, area or range; having an effect on or including many parts.<br />
<b>long/extensive</b><br />
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<b><u>Note on the Graphic Organizer</u></b>:<br />
Based on the theory from the book "From Paragraph to Essay" I arranged the organizer so that the structural similarities between the paragraph and the essay can be easily recognized. It is important to make clear that my metacognitive analysis is not a essay but it was intended to maintain coherence throughout the four paragraphs (as essays do).<br />
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"...<i>The paragraph is introduced by either a topic sentence or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay, the first paragraph provides introductory material and established the topic focus. Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly, the body of an essay consists ofa number of paragraphs that expand and support the ideas presented in the introductory paragraph. Finally, a terminator ands a paragraph. The essay, too, has a device which brings its ideas to a logically and psychologically satisfying completion: the concluding paragraph."</i><br />
(From Paragraph to Essay. CH 4. P 17)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGDhmbMRhqZASufRcCs_13YHa7o8XanoLaVx5IhzzMzWpRbNXzQHMN-Z8K2LhMw4fKcjvWdL-mE3IjgXag8pUMu34zsEu6lrJnphuxGFsrleLxN31WoTFANTIhyphenhyphenmMv2RA3t555Bt_ybChh/s1600/Imagen+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="473" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGDhmbMRhqZASufRcCs_13YHa7o8XanoLaVx5IhzzMzWpRbNXzQHMN-Z8K2LhMw4fKcjvWdL-mE3IjgXag8pUMu34zsEu6lrJnphuxGFsrleLxN31WoTFANTIhyphenhyphenmMv2RA3t555Bt_ybChh/s640/Imagen+1.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>Works cited:</b></div>
<br />
Imhoom, M and Judson, H. (1991) 7th Edition. <i>From Paragraph to Essay. Developing Composition Writing</i>. UK<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdFn4JiQk4ASEJmjcHc-JzRsFoF9bzSck_XT83ZbdxcQ2tpFRuPb5ItBI3yln4OJ5dwiBSESuK4WS-_n9P1LnWsNrZaizMCoqBy_42-b-5IQ9j8bfclMK2sHwIlPPoO5q394HpWHby36D1/s1600/url.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: justify;"><br /></a>Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-5861931559701767632013-09-11T12:30:00.004-07:002013-09-22T16:36:37.531-07:00Class # 9 Argumentative Paper - The Conflict in Syria<br />
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<strong>SFD 41</strong><br />
<strong>LANGUAGE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION 4</strong><br />
<strong>Paper's Topic: Conflict in Syria</strong><br />
<strong>Paper's Heading:</strong><br />
<strong>Syria</strong><br />
<strong>A Prescription to Control the World</strong><br />
Students: <br />
<strong>Alonso, Analia; Fares, Andrea; Torrecillas Xoana</strong><br />
Teacher: Saubidet, Stella<br />
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Syria </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Prescription to Control the World</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Syria has been involved in a bloody war for too many years, and although international investigators have made interesting discoveries about the real cause of this war, it is known that USA, England and Saudi Arabia as well, stopped these researches with the unique intention of maintaining the truth hidden The question should be who are the real actors that are today in the scenery of this conflict. It is obvious that there are not two groups fighting against each other, but there exists a third force that is not only provoking it to maintain its real intentions in secret (the intention of oil acquisition), but also inducing the use of chemical weapons to produce a worldwide aversion. The desire is undoubtedly war as the only way by which the actual international empire can preserve its power notwithstanding the terrible damages it causes due to its interests in worldwide and to its permanent political custom to induce and control other nation’s wills in foreign and international matters.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> The so called Syrian uprising began with protests against President Bashar al-Assad's regime<a href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2011/03/25/syria-peaceful-protests.html" style="color: #244e70; text-decoration: none;" target="_NEW"> </a> in March 2011. However, it crossed an important point a year and a half later, when the international Red Cross formally declared it a civil war. Since then, the United Nations estimates more than 100,000 people have died in the disputes between President Bashar al-Assad's government and rebel forces who want to oust him. The amount of innocent victims is still climbing higher as fighting rages across the country are increasing significantly. Tens of thousand people are escaping from Syria, searching refugee camps in neighbouring countries such as Turkey and Greece. Initially, the protesters just wanted democracy and more considerable freedom. Once the security forces opened fire on peaceful demonstrations, people demanded that the President, Bashar al-Assad, resignation. However, President Assad strongly refused to resign.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> No one can ignore that the profound of this conflict seem to be the struggle between the supporters of a leader who ruled the country in a dictatorial way, and other groups that pretend to obtain recognition of their rights as well as the end of racial discrimination in a more unprejudiced and equitable society. A profound analysis of the conflict will manifest the secret real cause and will also evidence USA’s interests in oil as the only genesis. As a matter of fact, this country does not want Syria to sell oil to other countries in anything but US dollars, and by contrast, Syria wants to sell oil to Russia in rubles and to China in Chinese currency and to other countries in whatever they want to exchange for it. Doubtless, as US made many times before, it uses all the techniques, known and unknown, to maintain the war, as a manner to appear itself as the sole salvation in the moment of its intervention, as well as making a secret work to assure the continuation of the conflict. In the same way, there is enough evidence to assert that UK has been exchanging weapons for oil with Saudi Arabia a pronounced enemy to Syria since 1985.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> It is known that the possession of oil is nowadays the best way to maintain the primacy over the world, and USA is using all the possibilities to obtain it. The use of chemical weapons to solve war conflicts exists from the very beginning of human history and there is enough evidence to assert that people have been utilizing and refining them to cause terrible damage. Although the Geneva Protocol prohibited the use of these mortal elements in warfare in 1924, the latest news made us know the use of this frightening poison in the Syrian conflict. This horrendous behavior has originated an intricate of accusations between USA, UK, France and Saudi Arabia against Syria´s governor Bashar al-Assad and Russia. USA promoted the investigation, making a public campaign against Assad as well as being the most resolute supporter of intervention as the only way to preserve civilian lives. By contrast, recent researches have demonstrated that it is not clear not only who used the chemical weapons, but also who was inducing this action in secret.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Syrian Foreign Ministry Makdissi said that Syria would use chemical weapons only in case of foreign aggression but never against civilians and asked the United Nations to launch an investigation. Russia’s foreign minister supported this position assuring that revels do not have the possibility to use these weapons without the complicity of a power government interested in the end of Assad´s regime. In the same way, UN's investigation team said that it is unclear what strategic benefit can be obtained by the regime by using these weapons, in the light of the risk it represents as an aversion to the entire world. It is expected that the results and statements by the Swedish scientist and weapons expert Ake Sellstrom will be objective and balanced, which would then be a difference to the usual double-standards by the officials of the United Nations (UN) in terms of Syria. On the other hand, although Obama is the most powerful promoter of intervention ( as he had made before in Irak), US Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel believes that the poison gas was used on a small scale and as if it was not enough, according to Moscow´s ambassador to the United Nations, chemical weapons were clearly used most likely by Syrian rebels with the support of a segment interested in the intervention.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> In spite of the fact that the conclusions of the investigations are still not clear, Obama arranged and sent three American ships in the Mediterranean Ocean, expecting the order to bomb Syria for three days under the mask of an advertence, without taking into account the fact that it can provoke a terrible damage in the civilians that they are supposed to be defending. “What is the plan? Where are we going in Syria? And what do you want to accomplish?” House Intelligence Committee Chairman Mike Rogers asked Sunday.The constant propaganda against Syria´s government made by USA, convinced other countries to follow its ambitious plans of domination, such as Arabia (a Syrian´s enemy) which has been exchanging oil by weapons from France.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> In conclusion, the conflict in Syria seems to be provoked by hidden and secret interests by the part of the USA among other powerful countries. At present, such tendency is being evidenced by the ready-to- bomb forces placed in the Mediterranean Ocean. What is the plan? Not only seems the plan to be ignoring Syrians’ freedom but also seems to be causing a division among the deeply affected Syrians who escape in order to feel themselves safe. Whether Syria used chemical weapons or not may be a worldwide question whose answer people may desire to know, but the obvious interest by the part of the powerful nations in undoubtedly telling us the whatever the conflict may be, there exists a clear interest to restrict Syria’ s business and economy thus creating an atmosphere of terror and uncertainty which makes this war even more hostile and cruel.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Works Cited:</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 30px;"> Rogers, M. (2012) Lawmakers urge caution on US intervention in Syria. <em>Fox. com</em>[</span>ONLINE]<a href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/17/lawmakers-say-getting-involved-in-syria-shouldnt-be-us-option/#ixzz2dysZRSMf" style="color: #244e70; text-decoration: none;" target="_NEW"><span style="color: black;">Available at:</span></a><a class="LinkContenidoNegro" href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/17/lawmakers-say-getting-involved-in-syria-shouldnt-be-us-option/#ixzz2dysZRSMf" style="color: #244e70; text-decoration: none;" target="_NEW">http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/17/lawmakers-say-getting-involved-in-syria-shouldnt-be-us-option/#ixzz2dysZRSMf</a><a href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/17/lawmakers-say-getting-involved-in-syria-shouldnt-be-us-option/#ixzz2dysZRSMf" style="color: #244e70; text-decoration: none;" target="_NEW"><span style="color: black;"> [Last Accessed 30 August 2013].</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span lang="ES-AR"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Telenoche (</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt;">September, 2nd) [tv programm], chanel 13</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 30px;"> WiseGEEK, clear answers for common questions. <em>"What are Chemical Weapons?"</em></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 30px;">[</span>ONLINE<span style="font-size: 10pt;">] <span style="font-size: 10pt;">Available at:<span style="text-decoration: underline;"> <a class="LinkContenidoNegro" href="http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-chemical-weapons.htm" style="color: #244e70; text-decoration: none;" target="_NEW">http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-chemical-weapons.htm</a></span></span> <a href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/17/lawmakers-say-getting-involved-in-syria-shouldnt-be-us-option/#ixzz2dysZRSMf" style="color: #244e70; text-decoration: none;" target="_NEW"><span style="color: black;">[Last Accessed 30 August 2013].</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Znews, <em>"Chemical weapons in Syria</em>". </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 30px;">[</span>ONLINE<span style="font-size: 10pt;">] <span style="font-size: 10pt;">Available at:<span style="text-decoration: underline;">zeenews.india.com/tags/chemical_weapons_in_Syria.html</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/17/lawmakers-say-getting-involved-in-syria-shouldnt-be-us-option/#ixzz2dysZRSMf" style="color: #244e70; text-decoration: none;" target="_NEW">[Last Accessed 30 August 2013].</a></span></span></div>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 22px;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Znews, <em>"Hagelspeaks with Israeli Defence Minister on Iran, Syria and Egypt</em>". </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 30px;">[</span>ONLINE<span style="font-size: 10pt;">] <span style="font-size: 10pt;">Available at:<span style="text-decoration: underline;">zeenews.india.com/news/world/hagel-speaks-with-israeli-defence-minister-on.iran-syria-amd-egypt 870772.htm</span>l</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/17/lawmakers-say-getting-involved-in-syria-shouldnt-be-us-option/#ixzz2dysZRSMf" style="color: #244e70; text-decoration: none;" target="_NEW"><span style="color: black;">[Last Accessed 30 August 2013].</span></a></span></div>
<h1 style="background-color: white; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 44px;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 30px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 22px;"> Znews, <em>"Hundreds gassed to death in Syria, world paralysed</em>". </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 30px;">[</span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 22px;">ONLINE</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 22px;">] <span style="font-size: 10pt;">Available at:<span style="text-decoration: underline;">zeenews.india.com/news/world/</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 22px;">hundreds-gassed-to-death-in-syria-world-paralysed-870850.html</span><a href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/17/lawmakers-say-getting-involved-in-syria-shouldnt-be-us-option/#ixzz2dysZRSMf" style="color: #244e70; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 22px; text-decoration: none;" target="_NEW"><span style="color: black;">[Last Accessed 26August 2013].</span></a></h1>
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Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-79460256914979156772013-09-09T20:38:00.001-07:002013-09-20T06:57:13.606-07:00Lets RECAP: ESSAY WRITING<iframe src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/26383577" width="476" height="400" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-88152657469657636552013-07-11T05:08:00.000-07:002013-07-12T12:57:57.189-07:00Entry # 10: RESEARCH PAPER: "Art: A Potential Bridge To Inclusion".Graphic organizer:<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Andrea Fares<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Professor Saubidet<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Language and
Written Expression 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">July 10th<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Art: A
Potential Bridge to Inclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Firm Steps
towards Inclusion through Art.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
conjecture that certain areas of expression, such as art, should be inclusive,
has obtained international momentum these past years. During the last decade,
we have experienced the so called “globalization of inclusion” and such
inclusion, now seen as a priority matter, has placed itself in the agenda of
most politicians and educators as a symbol of departure from normative thinking.
As a matter of fact, inclusion was intended to produce the political change
that integration could not. Promoting full diversity in certain areas of art
has proved to be essential for the successful inclusion of the excluded
population. Social inclusion, in particular, is being seen as a key to the
vitality and dynamism of certain art-related institutions such as theatres,
cinemas, TV channels and the film industry itself, as they promote authentic
dialogue about race, culture and disability that embraces the complexity of
underlying social and historical issues. However, as evidenced by the everyday
experience, those areas of art aimed to promote inclusion have a negative
impact and reach the unexpected target of segregation, which was the departure
point. Further integration policies should be considered and put into practice
in Argentina to make both art and integration arrive successfully to the
intended aim.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There
exist certain measures already taken internationally that could be considered
in order to increase physical and programmatic accessibility. A good example of
this is the case of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts In the USA
(LCPA), where a new position has been created to control and be responsible for
the Accessibility and Visitor Services. This position is responsible for
overseeing physical and programmatic accessibility for people with
disabilities, including visitors, artists and employees at the various venues
and offices. Deeply knowledgeable about issued related to disabilities, the
successful candidate will coordinate and collaborate with colleagues across
departments to create an inclusive environment for all visitors. With
experience in not only physical accessibility but also a strong familiarity
with programmatic access in cultural spaces, the successful candidate will
seamlessly integrate access precepts into programs and services LCPA
offers. Furthermore, said candidate will enhance community outreach and
marketing efforts by partnering with individuals as well as social service,
cultural, and other relevant organizations to raise awareness about and seek
input on LCPA’s existing and future accessibility programs. This includes
overseeing internal and external advisory councils. As a key contributor to the
larger Visitor Services (VS) team, the individual will have a superior guest
care ethic and be able to seamlessly a commitment to seeing people as
individuals and not as stereotypes integrate accessibility efforts into the
larger guest care initiatives. Adaptability, determination and
follow-through are important characteristics of the successful applicant as
well as a demonstrated ability to successfully lead cross-team collaborations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Another
important key issue is related to the things actors should know about race on
stage. It is almost impossible not to “see race” in the performing arts. The
centrality of vision in theatre structures almost every aspect of the
production process. For example, headshots exist to enable a good, long look at
a person before any hiring commitments are made. Here are three things that
everyone should know about theatre and race. In the firs place,<b> Theatre has
engaged the topic of race relations since the very beginning. </b>Throughout
history, concerns and anxieties about race and cultural difference have been
expressed on the stage. In ancient Athens, audiences sat in theatres and
delighted in stories about the unchecked passions and seeming inferiority of
foreigners. Look at that Cretan woman trying to seduce her half-Amazonian
stepson! Shakespeare capitalized on anxieties stemming from the increased
presence of Moors in England by imagining “black” characters—Aaron and
Othello—who sleep with white women. Fifty years ago, Lorraine Hansberry
famously staged the emotional toll that racism can have on a family in “A
Raisin in the Sun.” David Henry Hwang, for much of his playwriting career, has
used the theatre to challenge racial assumptions and stereotypes. More
recently, race looms large in the Pulitzer Prize-winning writings of Bruce
Norris (“Clybourne Park”) and Ayad Akhtar (“Disgraced”). In the second place,<b>
It’s okay to “see” race on stage. </b>When we encounter someone or something
for the very first time, we pay close, close attention to just about
everything. We take in all of the details. It’s natural. However, as that
person or thing becomes more familiar to us, we begin to overlook and even
forget many of the attributes that we could not help but notice in our initial
encounter. Similarly, spectators pay close, close attention to the opening
moments of a play with the aim of making sense of this new world being unveiled
to them. To see that Tony Award-winning actors Cicely Tyson and Audra McDonald
are African American is simply a matter of being observant. As the play
progresses, spectators become less conscious of an individual actor’s race as
the performer melds into her role and the audience becomes absorbed into the
world of the play. A person can “see” and, later, “not see” race within a
single production. Finally, there exists and implicit rule that is<b> Absenting
characters of color, absents artists of color. </b>Aspiring playwrights and
screenwriters are generally taught not to specify the race of their
characters—unless a character’s race is consequential to the dramatic
narrative. The aim is to create the greatest flexibility in casting and to
increase the odds of the work being produced. Since it is impossible to imagine
a person as being race-less, the default assumption is that most unspecified
characters are white. Although producers, directors, and casting agents have
discretion in the person who they hire to work on a production, they frequently
begin with a script that absents people of color. Actors of color lament
the limited number of roles
created for them. If not for the writings of Luis Alfaro, David Henry Hwang,
Regina Taylor, and August Wilson among others, many artists—including directors
and designers of color—would not be able to make a living in the theatre. These
are individuals whose employment options are determined, in part, by their race
and how they are seen within the theatre industry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Empirical
evidence has shown that some theatre companies and some film directors have
included disabled people in their projects. Inspired by the 1920 Lon Chaney
silent film of the same name, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">"</span><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Penalty</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">"</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
is the story of a legless criminal who has sworn revenge on the doctor who
wrongfully amputated his legs as a child. The late playwright, John Belluso
once said, ‘that to be disabled, was to always be on stage.’ As a person with a
disability (He was born with spastic cerebral palsy), he is constantly dealing
with people’s gazes in his every day life and managing that negotiation between
seeing and being seen. For him, the awareness of how that could translate to
acting was in 7th grade when for the first assignment in his Speech & Drama
class, he chose to perform Mark Antony’s, “Friends, Romans, Countrymen…” speech
from Julius Caesar. ‘Suddenly, people were looking at me differently and I
realized that through performance I could to some extent control my audience.
That was how I entered this world but my reasons for staying have since
evolved´, he added. (qtd. In Belluso).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Current
projects to encourage inclusion through art include<b> </b>programs that
support the ever-expanding mosaic of diversity and inclusion in theatre,
film, television, and related media. However, there are still a lot of
measures to consider and subsequently apply. Among the projects already taken
by the United States of America, there are five that clearly evidenced inclusion
and which could be taken into account in order to design local measures in our
country. One of the projects was called <b> </b></span><b><i><span lang="ES-AR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">TCM “The Projected Image: A
History of Disability in Film”</span></span></span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Presented
in collaboration with Inclusion in the Arts, Turner Classic Movies (TCM)
dedicated the month of October
2012 to exploring the ways people with disabilities have been portrayed in
film. On behalf of Inclusion in the Arts, Lawrence Carter-Long joined TCM host
Ben Mankiewicz for <i>The Projected Image: A History of Disability in Film</i>.
The special month-long exploration aired Tuesdays in October 2011. Another
project was <b><i>the </i></b></span><span lang="ES-AR"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Advocacy, Consulting &
Information Program</span></i></b></span></span><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Inclusion in
the Arts maintains relationships with artists, producers, directors, casting
directors, agents and unions in theatre, film and television, and related
media. They promote and facilitate cultural diversity at all levels of
production. Inclusion in the Arts also serves as a resource for
funding agencies, educational institutions, the media and the general public
seeking information and background on these issues. Services range from acting
as a sounding board and expert consultant for companies dealing with these
issues, assisting writers with ideas, providing specific language for casting
notices and/or program notes, to facilitating and/or participating in
project-related discussions and/or events. The Disability/Accessibility
Initiative, a subset of the Advocacy/Consulting and Information Program,
directly addresses the fact that nearly 20% of Americans (56 million people)
have a disability of some kind, yet this largest minority is seriously
underrepresented in American arts and entertainment. The third proposed project
was the<b><i> </i></b></span><span lang="ES-AR"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Audience Expansion Initiative</span></i></b></span></span><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Thanks to the
partnership between Inclusion in the Arts and G-PASS, 1.1 million New Yorkers
and 56 million Americans with disabilities will have the opportunity to enjoy
more Broadway shows than ever before. The Broadway Accessibility/Audience
Expansion Initiative sets a new standard for collaboration between producers
and accessibility specialists at all stages of production. The fourth project
was called <b>DEAL:<i> </i></b></span><span lang="ES-AR"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Disability in Entertainment and Arts Link</span></b></span></span><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">It is</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> a project of Inclusion in the Arts dedicated to the
full inclusion of people with disabilities—physical, developmental,
intellectual, and sensory—in all sectors of American arts and
entertainment. <b>DEAL</b> was expressly created to serve writers,
directors, producers, technicians, network and studio executives, casting
directors, and disabled artists at every stage of the creative process—from
development of the initial idea through production, marketing, and public
presentation. Another project was <b>“</b></span><b><i><span lang="ES-AR"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">A Conversation About Disability</span></span></span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">”. </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">On April 18,
2006, a group of writers, actors, directors, and filmmakers gathered at HBO
headquarters in New York City to discuss how to write about disability
today. The conversation focused on how to create authentic portrayals of
disability. The panel discussed what distinguishes authentic portrayals
from clichéd, symbolic, or token representations of disability. Panelists
characterized disability as a minority “whose stories had not been told,” and
emphasized the natural connections between disability and other social issues
(poverty, race, sexuality, family).
Finally, the<b><i> </i></b></span><b><span lang="ES-AR"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">National
Diversity Forum</span></i></span></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> was created.<b><i> </i></b>Inclusion in the Arts’ National
Diversity Forum (NDF) is comprised of Roundtables, Resource Events, and Opinion
Pieces. The purposes of the Roundtables and Resource Events are to a)
deepen dialogue and expand understanding of diversity through candid and
constructive discussion; b) spark change toward more inclusive standards and
practices; and c) build an expanding group of leaders in the field committed to
resolving the issues related to racism and exclusion.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It
can be then summarized that art is a key element for obtaining inclusion in our
increasingly exclusive society. Citizens, actors, directors, producers and
artists in general should be aware of this concern and involve into a
commitment to seeing people as individuals and not as stereotypes. In the light
of such a concern, it has been
evidenced that avoiding employment options being determined by race has proved
to be one of the short-term measures to be taken. As in the case of castings
and performances, greater flexibility should be applied and race should not be
specified when selecting an actor or creating a role. On the other hand, the roles
of actors and their subsequent compromise are essential to this goal. They
should express their concerns and anxieties about race and cultural difference
as much as they can, both through their acting and through their actions every
day. Finally, local governments and the National Government itself need to set
the path for inclusion, taking care of every possible obstacles regarding
accessibility to public places such as theatres, cinemas and venues and should
provide their employees with the necessary training courses as far as guest
care ethic and accessibility services are concerned.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Works Cited<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Belluso, Juan. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">"3 Things Actors should know about race on Stage". <i>Alliance for Inclusion in the Arts. </i><a href="http://inclusioninthearts.org/still-more-of-our-parts-opens-today/">http://inclusioninthearts.org/still-more-of-our-parts-opens-today/</a>
retrieved June 13<sup>th</sup>, 2013.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Graham, Linda. J & Jahnukahen, Markku (2011) "Wherefore art thou, inclusion?
Analysing the development of inclusive education. "Finland and Alberta. <i>Jornal of education Polcy, 26 (2), pp.
263-288..<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Gunn, Samuel. "The Public Culture of the
Victorian Middle Class.Y Manchester. Manchester University Press. (2000) Print <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Gordon, Sindy. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">"</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Still more of our Parts </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">opens today! "
<a href="http://inclusioninthearts.org/still-more-of-our-parts-opens-today/">http://inclusioninthearts.org/still-more-of-our-parts-opens-today/</a>
retrieved June 13<sup>th</sup>, 2013.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">McRae. Daniel. "The Integration/Inclusion
Feasibility". NSW Department of Schools Education (1006) Print.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Northway, Robert. "Integration and Inclusion:
Illusion or Progress in Services for Disable People?" <i>Social Policy and Administration</i> (1997). 31 (2), 57, 172<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Young, Harvey. "3 Things Actors should know about
race on Stage".<i> Alliance for
Inclusion in the Arts. </i><a href="http://inclusioninthearts.org/still-more-of-our-parts-opens-today/">http://inclusioninthearts.org/still-more-of-our-parts-opens-today/</a>
retrieved June 13<sup>th</sup>, 2013.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span>
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<!--EndFragment-->Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-50569292917207848612013-06-05T12:44:00.002-07:002013-06-10T07:34:06.094-07:00Entry # 9 - "Another conclusion for the essay."<div style="text-align: justify;">
Not only should both the State and local legislators commence to consider the existing problem deriving from the use of the cell phone in moving vehicles seriously, but also reflect on the necessity to harden those laws restricting the use of such phones when driving. "The problem should be a public concern and politicians should act accordingly,'' says Xoana Torrecillas of the National Conference of State Legislatures. Florencia Tovagliari from the A.C.A agrees: "This is the time for the changes to occur," she expresses, to consider and pass laws. It is now the momentum in which individual awareness should be fostered by the part of the drivers and as a result, the number of fatal accidents will be considerably reduced in the light of both the application of the necessary rules and the individuals' reflection on this serious regard.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Works Cited</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;">Torrecillas,
Xoana. ¨Cell phones and conscious driving: 2012.¨<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>National
Conference of State Legislatures</i>. Natl. Conf. of State Legislatures, March
2012. Web. June 23, 2012.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;">Tovagliari,
Florencia. ¨Awareness makes the difference¨<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Drivers Today</i>. Automovil Club Argentino.
25 Sept, 2011: Print.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-29532081705289136332013-06-03T10:59:00.002-07:002013-06-12T02:30:08.710-07:00Entry # 8 - Peer Work - IMMIGRATION (FARES-ALVARENGA)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZax-zzv0HcXQqGvQHm6psigp6mHqwudlX-WbY1V5uYKgQh7la9anyDboztXmpTNsMxueVa7yReoGe3EmSvaxpGINR9kho3wsAG22tcJO16krlWTJIoAJjewfrUyLnkpMaMWJTJCyOGPck/s1600/url-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZax-zzv0HcXQqGvQHm6psigp6mHqwudlX-WbY1V5uYKgQh7la9anyDboztXmpTNsMxueVa7yReoGe3EmSvaxpGINR9kho3wsAG22tcJO16krlWTJIoAJjewfrUyLnkpMaMWJTJCyOGPck/s320/url-1.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<b>ISFD N 41</b><br />
<b>Language and Written Expression IV</b><br />
<b>Name of Student: Maria Andrea Fares</b><br />
<b>Mate's Name: Rodrigo Alvarenga</b><br />
<br />
<b><i><u>Paragraph One</u></i></b>:<br />
<br />
<b><u>"Immigration: Borders Beyond Control"</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b>
International Migration has recently become one of the main concerns that now seize the attention of politicians and intellectuals across the world, as it is becoming increasingly difficult to control in the light of the economic crisis. In the case of most Western countries, most immigrants come from very poor countries such as Paraguay, Bolivia, and Cuba. The United States of America is one of the Western countries that exhibited a greater concern on this regard and consequently, applied extremely hard migration laws to prevent this kind of immigration, as they manifested to be experiencing serious illegal labour claims due to the employment of illegal immigrants. In the case of the Eastern countries, most immigrants arrive from emerging countries, such as Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina. On its part, Israel is the Eastern country that offered the biggest amount of opportunities for immigrants, thus fostering the entry of potential qualified skilled workers. On the contrary case, Australia received severe condemnation worldwide last summer when a special envoy of the UN commissioner for human rights exposed the deplorable conditions in detention camps that held asylum seekers who had landed in Australia. As local economies are becoming victims of the worldwide crisis, immigration is now being seen as a threat for the governments of many countries across the world.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><i><u>Paragraph TWO</u></i></b>:<br />
<br />
<b><u>"Immigration: Borders Beyond Control"</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b>International Migration has recently become one of the main concerns that now seize the attention of politicians and intellectuals across the world, as it is becoming increasingly difficult to control in the light of the economic crisis. In the case of most Western countries, most immigrants come from very poor countries such as Paraguay, Bolivia, and Cuba. The United States of America is one of the Western countries that exhibited a greater concern on this regard and consequently, applied extremely hard migration laws to prevent this kind of immigration. At the same time, they manifested to be experiencing serious illegal labour claims due to the employment of illegal immigrants. In the case of the Eastern countries, most immigrants arrive from emerging countries, such as Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina. On its part, Israel is the Eastern country that offered the biggest magnitude of opportunities for immigrants, thus stimulating the arrival of potential experienced workers. On the contrary case, Australia received severe condemnation worldwide last summer when a special envoy of the UN commissioner for human rights exposed the deplorable conditions in detention camps that held asylum seekers who had landed in Australia. As local economies are becoming victims of the worldwide crisis, immigration is now being seen as a threat for the governments of many countries across the world.Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-50117212984803497682013-06-03T09:11:00.001-07:002013-06-05T13:23:25.938-07:00Entry # 7 - Topic Sentence - Body - Conclusion (Shared Assignment)Assignment shared with Rodrigo Alvarenga (ISFD 41)<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiESjjigrBdZts4tuylYGYJZbgyjiS-I1Z2bIwQVpl0sWiWTV8O4vUUqarmqhoV46St2yfu1mGcgAbEpvhlHECOvGw6aZmpepjJrKfKu3hfiUIFnSalxm6_kIXKAd5gDY7CunVrZqQJ0EQ7/s1600/writing.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiESjjigrBdZts4tuylYGYJZbgyjiS-I1Z2bIwQVpl0sWiWTV8O4vUUqarmqhoV46St2yfu1mGcgAbEpvhlHECOvGw6aZmpepjJrKfKu3hfiUIFnSalxm6_kIXKAd5gDY7CunVrZqQJ0EQ7/s1600/writing.gif" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><u><br /></u></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><u>PARAGRAPH ONE</u></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><br /></u></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<b><u>MY FIRST VERSION:</u></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
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<span lang="EN-GB">Teenagers in Argentina are finding it
increasingly difficult to experience happiness due to the excess of
consumption. Most teenagers tend to release their tension by consuming goods
they do not really need. The leading consuming device these days is the mobile
phone, which seems to be a truly necessary tool to keep teenagers connected to
the outside world. In the second place, they adore buying electronic devices
such as Mp3, Mp4, game consoles and digital cameras to take pictures to be
posted on the net immediately. In the third place, they enjoy buying digital
movies even though there is a trend nowadays to download such movies from the
net. Finally, they sometimes like buying best sellers, but they buy them just
for fashion as they first watch the movies based on such books in the cinema. As
a conclusion, it has been proved that such consumption has been replacing the
need for teenagers to enjoy an outdoor life and feel relaxed themselves. Consumption
does not help for adolescents´ happiness and leads to their isolation.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>PARAGRAPH TWO</u></b></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-GB"><b><u>MY MATE´S PARAGRAPH</u></b> (Rodrigo Alvarenga)</span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Nowadays, teenagers have got a need of posting in the net whatever they do to become more popular.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Most teenagers tend to release their tension by consuming goods they do not really need. The leading consuming device these days is the mobile phone, which seems to be a truly necessary tool to keep teenagers connected to the outside world. In the second place, they adore buying electronic devices such as Mp3, Mp4, game consoles and digital cameras to take pictures to be posted on the net immediately. In the third place, they enjoy buying digital movies even though there is a trend nowadays to download such movies from the net. Finally, they sometimes like buying best sellers, but they buy them just for fashion as they first watch the movies based on such books in the cinema.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">This constant posting that the teenagers do, it is the way they have to belong to the virtual world.</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 17px;"><br /></span></span>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 17px;"><b><u>Metacognitive analysis:</u></b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 17px;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></span>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 17px;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></span>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 17px;">I believe that my mate´s topic sentence does not include all the ideas developed in the body of my first paragraph. The supporting ideas within it are mainly focused on consumption and not on posting in the net.</span></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 17px;">Rodrigo´s conclusion is also based on the virtual world and not on the buying of unnecessary things such as an M3 or MP4.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 17px;">As a matter of fact, I do believe that both versions differ dramatically as far as the topic or subject is concerned. My version was focused on consumption and Rodrigo´s on the virtual world.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 17px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 17px;">I repeated some words for the sake of emphasis and also used pronouns to make reference to items previously mentioned and reach cohesion.</span></span></div>
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<br />Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-17513624800987318272013-06-02T08:10:00.002-07:002013-06-03T08:09:47.925-07:00Entry # 6 - "Structured Paragraph Writing". (Fares-Alvarenga).<div style="text-align: center;">
<u><b>STRUCTURED PARAGRAPH WRITING.</b></u></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Bulleted list of the most important issues.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li><u><b>PARTS OF A PARAGRAPH IN ENGLISH ACADEMIC WRITING IN AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES</b></u> (Specific structure).</li>
</ul>
<ol><ol>
<li><b><span style="color: red;"><i>TOPIC SENTENCE</i></span></b>: It instroduces the topic or subject. Writers should choice an interesting topic and avoid details here. </li>
<li><i><b><span style="color: red;">BODY</span></b></i>: It is the heart of the paragraph. It contains the supporting details (either by order of importance or chornologically). </li>
<li><span style="color: red;"><i><b>CLOSING SENTENCE</b></i></span>: It has two functions:</li>
<ol><ol><ol><ol><ol><ol>
<li>as a reminder of the topic sentence</li>
<li>as a trigger to keep the audience thinking.</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
What follows is an interesting video about Structured Paragraph Writing in US Universities:<br />
<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/cCuExRE6N-4?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<br />
What follows is another interesting video on Structured Paragraph wiritng from Massei University:<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/w183qB0KDFg?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">WRITING STRUCTURED PARAGRAPHS:</span><br />
There are three elements for successful paragraphs:<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">The Style</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Correct Punctuation</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Paragraphing</span>: A paragraph is an expression of organized thought. Evidences understanding of the material. <b><i>A good paragraph:</i></b></li>
</ol>
<ul><ul><ul><ul><ul>
<li> Can be narrative, persuasive, declarative, expository, etc</li>
<li>Is a distinct section in a piece of writing (starts on a new line).</li>
<li>Is a number of related sentences with one main idea.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Elements</span>:</li>
<ul>
<li>A distinct piece of writing (easy to identify - new line).</li>
<li>Focused on the main idea.</li>
<li>Well organized: COHESION (ideas clearly linked to each other).</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Qualities:</span></li>
<ul>
<li><i><b><span style="color: red;">Unity</span></b></i>: all sentences are focused on the main idea. Point of discussion must not be changed.</li>
<ul>
<li>Topic Sentence:</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li><span style="color: blue;">Parts: </span></li>
<ol>
<li><b><i>Topic or subject</i></b>.</li>
<li><b><i>Controlling idea</i></b> (specific comment about the topic)</li>
<ul>
<li>Use WH-questions to generate controlling ideas (who, when, what, where, why and also how).</li>
</ul>
</ol>
<li><span style="color: blue;">Position of Topic Sentence</span>:</li>
<ul>
<li>It can be the first sentence of a paragraph, or</li>
<li>It can be placed elsewhere, even at the end.</li>
</ul>
</ol>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<li><span style="color: red;"><b><i>Coherence</i></b></span>: all sentences are clearly related to each other.</li>
<ul>
<li>Create logical bridged from one sentence to another:</li>
<ul>
<li>by repeating key words</li>
<li>by using synonyms</li>
<li>by using pronouns to refer to previous nouns or the topic</li>
<li>by using transition words (as a result, furhtermore, etc).</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b><i><span style="color: red;">Development</span></i></b>: the main idea is supported with sufficient details.</li>
<ul>
<li>Details and evidence.</li>
<li>Illustrate point with examples (do not re-state it)</li>
<ul><ul>
<li>Structure: TEE (topic sentence - explanation - examples or evidence)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
Some paragraphs may not have a concluding sentence.<br />
A concluding sentence helps to summarise the most important ideas.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<br />
<b><u>Sources:</u></b><br />
<b><u><br /></u></b>
AlexESLvid, Parts of a Paragraph. English Academic Writing Introduction. Available at :<a href="http://www.blogger.com/AlexESLvid,%20Parts%20of%20a%20Paragraph%20-%20English%20Academic%20Writing%20Introduction.%20Available%20at:%20http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=cCuExRE6N-4#!%20Retrieved:%20May%2027,%202013%20Massey%20University,%20Writing%20Structured%20Paragraphs.%20Available%20at:%20http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=w183qB0KDFg%20Retrieved:%20May%2027,%202013"> </a><a href="http://academicwriting-now.blogspot.com.ar/">http://academicwriting-now.blogspot.com.ar/</a> Retrieved May 30, 2013<br />
<br />
Massei University, Writing Structured Paragraphs, Available at: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w183qB0KDFg">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w183qB0KDFg</a> Retrieved: May 30, 2013.Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-16218551554391363962013-05-23T07:35:00.002-07:002013-06-02T07:32:20.234-07:00Entry # 5. SHE IS A WRITERBefore referring to the assignment itself, I consider it extremely useful to make it clear what an <b>argument</b> is. According to the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, an argument is <i>"a reason given to support or disprove something. The use of reason to decide something or persuade someone."</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
Now that the concept of argument is clear, I will proceed to the assignment itself.<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
<u><b>PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT BY EXAMPLES: </b></u><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<u><b>"THE DANGER OF A SINGLE STORY".</b></u></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<u><b><br /></b></u></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Chimanda Ngozi Adichie claims that
as people read, they are permanently faced with the danger of a single
story, thus becoming impressionable and vulnerable in the fields of modern literature. In
her early childhood in Nigeria, she received her first literature
influence from English and American literature for children. Such
literature encouraged her imagination but people like her did not exist at all.
At the age of four, she met African books, and such literature produced a kind
of mental shift in her perception of literature, as coloured people did exist
in the stories this time. African literature saved her from having a single story.
Later, at the age of eight, her mother told her story about a poor boy, and all
Chimanda knew about him was from her mother's tongue. Poverty was her single
story of him. Once she met the boy's mother, she knew that she could do certain
things Chimanda did not know. Chimanda only knew a single story of the boy and his family. Yet later when she left Nigeria and established
in the USA, her American roommate made assumptions about her that, of course,
were extremely wrong. Her roommate only knew a single story about Nigerians.
Such single story installed the question of pity in her perception of Nigerian culture as she did not know many facts about them. There existed a default
position according to which there was no possibility of Africans being similar
to her, of feelings more complex than pity. Before she went to the US, Chimanda did not identify herself
as an African. After that, she became conscious of her African identity. A few
years ago, she visited Mexico and realised she had been extremely influence by
the media coverage of Mexicans. She had only thought of them as illegal
immigrants. She only knew a single story again. All the stories she mentioned
made her who she really is. It can be then summarized that single stories
create stereotypes and such stereotypes are incomplete. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><i><b>"When we reject a single story,</b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><i><b>a regain a kind of paradise".</b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">(Chimanda Ngozi Adichie)</span></b></i></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<!--EndFragment--><u>Sources:</u><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Youtube, Chimamanda<b> </b>Ngozi Adichie: Commonwealth lecture 2012.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> Available at: </span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=vmsYJDP8g2U"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=vmsYJDP8g2U</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">. Retrieved: May 15, 2013</span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</span><br />
<br />
<h2 style="margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nairaland
Forum,</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #220000; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Chimamanda
Adichie: 16 Things You Did Not Know About Her. </span></i></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Available
at: </span><a href="http://www.nairaland.com/1154513/chimamanda-adichie-16-things-did"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.nairaland.com/1154513/chimamanda-adichie-16-things-did</span></a><span lang="EN-US">. Retrieved: May 15, 2013</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGqQ366jwG4EFTe2uD3NWih7WB89nDEDX2IsQcd5_VQh-1dBByC8JX0CRq5Iu4JXm1h-UIBcEzhh6B7uoL2_Zy19ddv9uxn5f_yjdWBElUdt9doUw9UacDwz06-cuAC5a_PRV41JpsqlQW/s1600/the-danger-of-a-single-story.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGqQ366jwG4EFTe2uD3NWih7WB89nDEDX2IsQcd5_VQh-1dBByC8JX0CRq5Iu4JXm1h-UIBcEzhh6B7uoL2_Zy19ddv9uxn5f_yjdWBElUdt9doUw9UacDwz06-cuAC5a_PRV41JpsqlQW/s320/the-danger-of-a-single-story.jpg" width="317" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For further information about the writer, please visit:<a href="http://chimamanda.com/">http://chimamanda.com/</a></span></div>
<br />Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-53462721131357285652013-05-10T13:12:00.000-07:002013-05-23T07:34:32.506-07:00Entry # 4 APA CITATION RULES
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">What follows is a summary
on the APA Citation Style from the Cornell University Library available at:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"><a href="http://www.library.cornell.edu/resrch/citmanage/apa#maincontent"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">http://www.library.cornell.edu/resrch/citmanage/apa
- maincontent</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">APA
citation style refers to the rules and conventions established by the American
Psychological Association for documenting sources used in a research paper. APA
style requires both in-text citations and a reference list. For every in-text
citation there should be a full citation in the reference list and vice versa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">The
examples of APA styles and formats listed on this summary include many of the
most common types of sources used in academic research. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Reference Citations in Text</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">In
APA style, in-text citations are placed within sentences and paragraphs so that
it is clear what information is being quoted or paraphrased and whose
information is being cited.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-outline-level: 3; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Examples:</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-outline-level: 3; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Works by a single author</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">The
last name of the author and the year of publication are inserted in the text at
the appropriate point.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">from theory on bounded rationality</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"> (Simon, 1945) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">If
the name of the author or the date appear as part of the narrative, cite only
missing information in parentheses.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Simon (1945) posited that</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-outline-level: 3; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Works by multiple authors</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">When
a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the reference occurs
in the text. In parenthetical material join the names with an ampersand
(&).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">as has been shown (Leiter & Maslach, 1998) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">In
the narrative text, join the names with the word "and."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">as Leiter and Maslach (1998) demonstrated</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">When
a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the
reference occurs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Kahneman, Knetsch, and Thaler (1991) found</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">In
all subsequent citations per paragraph, include only the surname of the first
author followed by "et al." (Latin for "and others") and
the year of publication.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Kahneman et al. (1991) found</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-outline-level: 3; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Works by associations, corporations, government
agencies, etc.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">The
names of groups that serve as authors (corporate authors) are usually written
out each time they appear in a text reference.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2007)</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">When
appropriate, the names of some corporate authors are spelled out in the first
reference and abbreviated in all subsequent citations. The general rule for
abbreviating in this manner is to supply enough information in the text
citation for a reader to locate its source in the Reference List without
difficulty.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">(NIMH, 2007)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-outline-level: 3; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Works with no author</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">When
a work has no author, use the first two or three words of the work's title
(omitting any initial articles) as your text reference, capitalizing each word.
Place the title in quotation marks if it refers to an article, chapter of a
book, or Web page. Italicize the title if it refers to a book, periodical,
brochure, or report.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">on climate change
("Climate and Weather," 1997) </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Guide to Agricultural Meteorological Practices</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">
(1981)</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Anonymous
authors should be listed as such followed by a comma and the date.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">on climate change (Anonymous, 2008)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-outline-level: 3; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Specific parts of a source</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">To
cite a specific part of a source (always necessary for quotations), include the
page, chapter, etc. (with appropriate abbreviations) in the in-text citation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">(Stigter & Das, 1981, p. 96)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">De Waal (1996) overstated the
case when he asserted that "we seem to be reaching ... from the hands of
philosophers" (p. 218).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">If
page numbers are not included in electronic sources (such as Web-based
journals), provide the paragraph number preceded by the abbreviation
"para." or the heading and following paragraph.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">(Mönnich & Spiering, 2008,
para. 9)</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Reference List</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">References
cited in the text of a research paper must appear in a Reference List or
bibliography. This list provides the information necessary to identify and
retrieve each source.</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Order:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"> Entries
should be arranged in alphabetical order by authors' last names. Sources
without authors are arranged alphabetically by title within the same list.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Authors:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"> Write out
the last name and initials for all authors of a particular work. Use an
ampersand (&) instead of the word "and" when listing
multiple authors of a single work. e.g. Smith, J. D., & Jones, M.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Titles:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"> Capitalize
only the first word of a title or subtitle, and any proper names that are
part of a title.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Pagination:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"> Use the
abbreviation p. or pp. to designate page numbers of articles from
periodicals that do not use volume numbers, especially newspapers. These
abbreviations are also used to designate pages in encyclopedia articles
and chapters from edited books.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Indentation*:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"> The first
line of the entry is flush with the left margin, and all subsequent lines
are indented (5 to 7 spaces) to form a "hanging indent".</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Underlining
vs. Italics*:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"> It is appropriate to use italics instead of underlining for
titles of books and journals.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"> </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Two
additional pieces of information should be included for works accessed online.</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Internet
Address**:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"> A stable Internet address should be included and should direct
the reader as close as possible to the actual work. If the work has a
digital object identifier (DOI), use this. If there is no DOI or similar
handle, use a stable URL. If the URL is not stable, as is often the case
with online newspapers and some subscription-based databases, use the home
page of the site you retrieved the work from.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Date:</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"> If the
work is a finalized version published and dated, as in the case of a
journal article, the date within the main body of the citation is enough.
However, if the work is not dated and/or is subject to change, as in the
case of an online encyclopedia article, include the date that you
retrieved the information.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">The APA has special formatting standards for the
use of indentation and italics in manuscripts or papers that will be typeset or
submitted for official publication. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-add-space: auto; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-outline-level: 3; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Examples:</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-outline-level: 3; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Articles in journals, magazines, and newspapers</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">References
to periodical articles must include the following elements: author(s), date of
publication, article title, journal title, volume number, issue number (if
applicable), and page numbers.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Journal article, one author, accessed online </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Ku, G. (2008). Learning to de-escalate:
The effects of regret in escalation of commitment. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">105</i>(2), 221-232.
doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.08.002</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Journal article, two authors, accessed online</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Sanchez, D., & King-Toler, E. (2007).
Addressing disparities consultation and outreach strategies for university
settings. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Consulting Psychology Journal:
Practice and Research</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">59</i>(4),
286-295. doi:10.1037/1065- 9293.59.4.286</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Journal article, more than two authors, accessed
online</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Van Vugt, M., Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R.
B. (2008). Leadership, followership, and evolution: Some lessons from the past.
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">American Psychologist</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">63</i>(3), 182-196.
doi:10.1037/0003-066X.63.3.182</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Article from an Internet-only journal</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Hirtle, P. B. (2008, July-August).
Copyright renewal, copyright restoration, and the difficulty of determining
copyright status. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">D-Lib Magazine</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">14</i>(7/8). doi:10.1045/july2008-hirtle</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Journal article from a subscription database (no
DOI)</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Colvin, G. (2008, July 21). Information
worth billions. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fortune</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">158</i>(2), 73-79. Retrieved from Business
Source Complete, EBSCO. Retrieved from <a href="http://search.ebscohost.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://search.ebscohost.com</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Magazine article, in print</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Kluger, J. (2008, January 28).
Why we love. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Time</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">171</i>(4), 54-60.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Newspaper article, no author, in print</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">As prices surge, Thailand pitches
OPEC-style rice cartel. (2008, May 5). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Wall Street Journal</i>, p. A9.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Newspaper article, multiple authors,
discontinuous pages, in print </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Delaney, K. J., Karnitschnig, M., &
Guth, R. A. (2008, May 5). Microsoft ends pursuit of Yahoo, reassesses its
online options. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Wall Street Journal</i>,
pp. A1, A12. </span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Books</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">References
to an entire book must include the following elements: author(s) or editor(s),
date of publication, title, place of publication, and the name of the
publisher.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">No Author or editor, in print</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary
(11th ed.). (2003). Springfield, MA: Merriam- Webster.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">One author, in print</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Kidder, T. (1981). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The soul of a new machine</i>. Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Company.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Two authors, in print </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Frank, R. H., & Bernanke, B. (2007). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Principles of macro-economics</i> (3rd ed.).
Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. </span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Corporate author, author as publisher, accessed
online</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2000). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tasmanian year book 2000</i> (No. 1301.6).
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Author. Retrieved from <a href="http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/CA25687100069892CA256889000CA9FC/"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/CA2568710006989...</span></a>
$File/13016_2000.pdf</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Edited book </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Gibbs, J. T., & Huang, L. N. (Eds.).
(2001). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Children of color: Psychological
interventions with culturally diverse youth</i>. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Dissertations</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">References
for dissertations should include the following elements: author, date of
publication, title, and institution (if you accessed the manuscript copy from
the university collections). If there is a UMI number or a database accession
number, include it at the end of the citation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Dissertation, accessed online</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Young, R. F. (2007). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Crossing boundaries in urban ecology: Pathways to sustainable cities</i>
(Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
database. (UMI No. 327681)</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Essays or chapters in edited books</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">References
to an essay or chapter in an edited book must include the following elements:
essay or chapter authors, date of publication, essay or chapter title, book
editor(s), book title, essay or chapter page numbers, place of publication, and
the name of the publisher.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">One author </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Labajo, J. (2003). Body and voice: The
construction of gender in flamenco. In T. Magrini (Ed.), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Music and gender: perspectives from the Mediterranean</i> (pp. 67-86).
Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Two editors </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Hammond, K. R., & Adelman, L. (1986).
Science, values, and human judgment. In H. R. Arkes & K. R. Hammond (Eds.),
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Judgement and decision making: An
interdisciplinary reader</i> (pp. 127-143). Cambridge, England: Cambridge
University Press.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Encyclopedias or dictionaries and entries in an
encyclopedia</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">References
for encyclopedias must include the following elements: author(s) or editor(s),
date of publication, title, place of publication, and the name of the publisher.
For sources accessed online, include the retrieval date as the entry may be
edited over time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Encyclopedia set or dictionary </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Sadie, S., & Tyrrell, J. (Eds.).
(2002). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The new Grove dictionary of music
and musicians</i> (2nd ed., Vols. 1-29). New York, NY: Grove.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Article from an online encyclopedia</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Containerization. (2008). In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Retrieved May
6, 2008, from http://search.eb.com</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Encyclopedia article </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Kinni, T. B. (2004). Disney, Walt
(1901-1966): Founder of the Walt Disney Company. In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Encyclopedia of Leadership</i> (Vol. 1, pp. 345-349). Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-outline-level: 3; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Research reports and papers</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">References
to a report must include the following elements: author(s), date of
publication, title, place of publication, and name of publisher. If the issuing
organization assigned a number (e.g., report number, contract number, or
monograph number) to the report, give that number in parentheses immediately
after the title. If it was accessed online, include the URL.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Government report, accessed online </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services. (2005). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Medicaid drug price
comparisons: Average manufacturer price to published prices</i> (OIG
publication No. OEI-05-05- 00240). Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from
http://www.oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-05-05-00240.pdf</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Government reports, GPO publisher, accessed
online</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Congressional Budget Office. (2008). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Effects of gasoline prices on driving
behavior and vehicle markets: A CBO study</i> (CBO Publication No. 2883).
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved from
http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/88xx/doc8893/01-14-GasolinePrices.pdf</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Technical and/or research reports, accessed
online</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Deming, D., & Dynarski, S. (2008). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The lengthening of childhood</i> (NBER
Working Paper 14124). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Retrieved July 21, 2008, from http://www.nber.org/papers/w14124</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Document available on university program or
department site</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Victor, N. M. (2008). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gazprom: Gas giant under strain</i>. Retrieved from Stanford University,
Program on Energy and Sustainable Development Web site:
http://pesd.stanford.edu/publications/gazprom_gas_giant_under_strain/</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-outline-level: 3; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Audio-visual media</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">References
to audio-visual media must include the following elements: name and function of
the primary contributors (e.g., producer, director), date, title, the medium in
brackets, location or place of production, and name of the distributor. If the
medium is indicated as part of the retrieval ID, brackets are not needed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Videocassette/DVD </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Achbar, M. (Director/Producer), Abbott, J.
(Director), Bakan, J. (Writer), & Simpson, B. (Producer) (2004). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The corporation</i> [DVD]. Canada: Big
Picture Media Corporation.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Audio recording </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Nhat Hanh, T. (Speaker). (1998). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mindful living: a collection of teachings on
love, mindfulness, and meditation</i> [Cassette Recording]. Boulder, CO: Sounds
True Audio.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Motion picture </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Gilbert, B. (Producer), & Higgins, C.
(Screenwriter/Director). (1980). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nine to
five</i> [Motion Picture]. United States: Twentieth Century Fox.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Television broadcast </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Anderson, R., & Morgan, C.
(Producers). (2008, June 20). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">60 Minutes</i>
[Television broadcast]. Washington, DC: CBS News.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Television show from a series </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Whedon, J. (Director/Writer). (1999,
December 14). Hush [Television series episode]. In Whedon, J., Berman, G.,
Gallin, S., Kuzui, F., & Kuzui, K. (Executive Producers), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</i>. Burbank, CA:
Warner Bros..</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Music recording </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Jackson, M. (1982). Beat it. On <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Thriller</i> [CD]. New York, NY: Sony Music.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Undated Web site content, blogs, and data</span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">For
content that does not easily fit into categories such as journal papers, books,
and reports, keep in mind the goal of a citation is to give the reader a clear
path to the source material. For electronic and online materials, include
stable URL or database name. Include the author, title, and date published when
available. For undated materials, include the date the resource was accessed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; text-align: justify;">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Blog entry</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Arrington, M. (2008, August 5). The viral
video guy gets $1 million in funding. Message posted to
http://www.techcrunch.com</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Professional Web site</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
(2008). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Biofuels</i>. Retrieved May 6,
2008, from http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Data set from a database</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Bloomberg L.P. (2008). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Return on capital for Hewitt Packard
12/31/90 to 09/30/08</i>. Retrieved Dec. 3, 2008, from Bloomberg database.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .05pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Central Statistics Office of the Republic
of Botswana. (2008). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gross domestic
product per capita 06/01/1994 to 06/01/2008</i> [statistics]. Available from
CEIC Data database.</span><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Entire Web site</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"><br />
When citing an entire Web site (and not a specific document on that site), no
Reference List entry is required if the address for the site is cited in the
text of your paper.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Witchcraft In Europe and America is a site
that presents the full text of many essential works in the literature of
witchcraft and demonology (<a href="http://www.witchcraft.psmedia.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.witchcraft.psmedia.com/</span></a>).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;">Sources:</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ES-TRAD;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">APA Citation Style. </i>Retrieved from
Cornell University Library PSEC Documentation Committee. November 2002; Revised
May 2013</span></div>
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<br /></div>
Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-20255737298241035252013-05-10T11:48:00.001-07:002013-05-10T13:18:39.131-07:00Entry # 3 I am a Writer (Revised Version)<style>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifYtRhzkTnOm6XznOBUdJ1JRxBcnkp5fDFPkFT6q85tJvrZkMfLj-FjpZP9HvOJ7YG99U0suZvvSwJ2ChY_v7HK0CRY9tb-5y2RAVbERa5GKwZyYCElVvt2W-PRpvPuqomiF31pYCTZV6t/s1600/images-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifYtRhzkTnOm6XznOBUdJ1JRxBcnkp5fDFPkFT6q85tJvrZkMfLj-FjpZP9HvOJ7YG99U0suZvvSwJ2ChY_v7HK0CRY9tb-5y2RAVbERa5GKwZyYCElVvt2W-PRpvPuqomiF31pYCTZV6t/s1600/images-1.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">I am a writer, but it is better if I do not think about it.</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I sometimes wonder if I really enjoy writing
without feeling vulnerable. I have been faced to writing tasks for a long period
and I still fight with both, my left hand and mind, every time I am gently
requested to surpass a writing assignment. Is it self-esteem? Is it lack of
confidence? What is the deep reason for my feeling this way? Do I really want
to become a competitive writer?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">As far as I remember, I started writing when I
was four. At that time, I was able to produce only colorful labeled drawings,
and I enjoyed this limited writing a lot. Once I started primary school, I was
able to dive into words and to make such isolated words sound both
authoritative and symphonic. On the other hand, I only remember boredom and
stagnation from my secondary school. My learning process was compulsory focused
on repetition, the Bible, and repetition again… pure frustrating stagnation.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">As years proceeded, I commenced recovering the
pleasure for words, both written and spoken, as I could admire them in a piece
form the Bosco, or enjoy their magnificent sound in a meaningful song.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">As a matter of fact, the key is not thinking in
writing as a task. I strongly believe that writing outcomes are better if they
are the result of creativity and pleasure. The true thing is that we can all be
writers, we are all writers, but it is much better is we are not conscious of
it. If we feel delighted by the art of writing, we will surely increase our
self-confidence and we will be able to express exactly what we desire. Mind and
hand should encounter somewhere inside us, and eventually, our writings will become
enjoyable ones.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><br /></span></span></u></b>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_2P7Y-TSCfNXfmdqsJtkjQZoWEaxYLt1owdJiMNuF-abPMNyRSWHMyjnqvENVmuy2PHLT-Y9Lwtr8p0uDs7jG5bppVR7NESsqCiFul5dVEZeD0IfyeYMJY7tmcVmVmFo1kUN8F3fpmjf8/s1600/images-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_2P7Y-TSCfNXfmdqsJtkjQZoWEaxYLt1owdJiMNuF-abPMNyRSWHMyjnqvENVmuy2PHLT-Y9Lwtr8p0uDs7jG5bppVR7NESsqCiFul5dVEZeD0IfyeYMJY7tmcVmVmFo1kUN8F3fpmjf8/s1600/images-2.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Reflection:
</span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">After reading the bunch of copies on Academic
Writing, it turned to be much easier for me to make some changes. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Initially, I revised the use of the first person
singular and realized that I had to leave it that way. I tried to make it sound
less personal but I could not (the assignment was based on my particular
experience).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">After that, I focused on adverbs and linking
words. I did not change many of them, but the use of the items provided in
the set of copies made my writing read better.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Finally I removed phrasal verbs and those words
of Anglo Saxon origin, writing those of Latin or French origin in their place.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I really enjoyed the challenge!</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Please, feel free to click the following link to enter our Google Doc on Academic Writing </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1O_78nEP9TiGIHHFJ0VNJgdjb40WWx4ZN0AQLz_g8SpU/edit">https://docs.google.com/document/d/1O_78nEP9TiGIHHFJ0VNJgdjb40WWx4ZN0AQLz_g8SpU/edit</a></span></div>
Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-83499314535699528822013-05-10T11:35:00.000-07:002013-05-10T11:35:23.015-07:00Entry # 2 - I am a Writer
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">I am a writer, but it is better if I do not think about it.</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9zBFvaUkBORZ5JPHRrXzPMqYAbkswPLXBsBB8DLEqQID0ZSbMpX-uN1iDGBDdNtnNCihv32Nt13YJceoRIiUYZQOaLJf4hnkoxpEe_Pm5KWIe7g83c-nTBVsANvpzoOS5eXoSKU_u_LQs/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9zBFvaUkBORZ5JPHRrXzPMqYAbkswPLXBsBB8DLEqQID0ZSbMpX-uN1iDGBDdNtnNCihv32Nt13YJceoRIiUYZQOaLJf4hnkoxpEe_Pm5KWIe7g83c-nTBVsANvpzoOS5eXoSKU_u_LQs/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I sometimes wonder if I really enjoy writing
without feeling vulnerable. I have been faced to writing tasks for a long time
and I still fight with both, my left hand and mind, every time I am gently
requested to overcome a writing assignment. Is it self-esteem? Is it lack of
confidence? What is the deep reason for my feeling this way? Do I really want
to become a competitive writer?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">As far as I remember, I started writing when I
was four. At that time, I was able to produce only colorful labeled drawings,
and I enjoyed this limited writing a lot. Once I started primary school, I was
able to dive into words and to make such isolated words sound both
authoritative and symphonic. On the other hand, I only remember boredom and
stagnation from my secondary school. My learning process was compulsory focused
on repetition, the Bible, and repetition again… pure frustrating stagnation.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">As years went by, I started recovering the
pleasure for words, both written and spoken, as I could see them in a piece
form the Bosco, or enjoy their magnificent sound in a meaningful song.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">As a matter of fact, the key is not thinking in
writing as a task. I strongly believe that writing outcomes are better if they
are the result of creativity and pleasure. The true thing is that we can all be
writers, we are all writers, but it is much better is we are not aware of it.
If we feel delighted by the art of writing, we will surely increase our
self-confidence and we will be able to express exactly what we are willing to.
Mind and hand should encounter somewhere inside us, and then, our writings will
turn to be enjoyable ones.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-91161850053695441892013-05-10T11:28:00.000-07:002013-05-10T13:12:36.747-07:00Quick guide to the upcoming entriesWhat follows are the upcoming entries:<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><b>ENTRY #2</b>: Original version "I am a writer"</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><b>ENTRY #3</b>: Improved version of "I am a writer", link to Google-doc "Writing Strategies" and metacognitive reflection</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><b>ENTRY #3 BIS: (</b>ONLY FOR ISFD 18 SS) Copy the contexts to the sentences discussed in class.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><b>ENTRY #4</b>: summary of Citation Rules (choose ONE system).
Personally I prefer APA rules, but you can choose any, as long as you
are consistant.</li>
</ul>
Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-53598723268198647572013-05-02T07:04:00.001-07:002013-05-02T07:04:58.877-07:00LEE4 - 4th year... and I am still a writer... (4th year)Here we are again... blogging...<br />
I invite you all to share this amazing writing experience throughout year 2013... our last adventure...together...<br />
<br />
LET'S BLOG!!!!!!!!!Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-47458016048696619902012-10-28T16:24:00.004-07:002012-10-30T03:26:13.365-07:00KEY NAMES IN LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN: Charles Perrault, the Grimm Brothers, and Hans Christian Andersen.<br />
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Charles Perrault<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">French
poet and writer Charles Perrault was born on January 12, 1628, in Paris,
France. Though he began his career as a lawyer in charge of royal buildings, by
around 1660, Perrault had earned a positive reputation for his poetry. In 1671,
he worked in the Académie Française, and played a prominent role in a literary
controversy known as the dispute between the Ancients and Moderns. Perrault is
perhaps best known for his <i>Mother Goose</i> fairy stories,
including <i>Little Red Riding Hood</i> and <i>Puss in Boots</i>,
which he wrote for his children. </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">Perrault
died on May 16, 1703, in Paris, France.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Charles Perrault was a member of
the French court. In the 1690s, there was a fashion of creating literary
renderings of folk tales for the entertainment of that court, and Perrault
participated in this fashion. One aspect of literary adaptation in this manner
was to convert the oral tales which truly belonged to the "folk" into
forms that served the interests of the more educated ruling classes. While Perrault was writing within a tradition of
adapting oral tales into literary retellings, however, his work remained much
closer to the folk level than other literary retellings of the time. The Opies
claim that Perrault "accepted the fairy tales at their own level." In addition, his works were relatively short, so they
were appropriate for a child audience in ways that longer fairy tales produced
in the French court (as earlier in the Italian court of Basile's time) were
not. It is this aspect of his work that most justifies identifying him as the
first 'children's writer.'<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As the above quote mentions, Charles
Perrault was a member of the French court, under the reign of Louis XIV. His
tales were intended to amuse and educate the young ladies of the court. His
stories often have morals, which deal with issues of achieving grace and
beauty. It is important to make mental note of this when interpreting the
morals of his stories.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">His tales were intended to train young
girls in how to become ladies. This is very different from the intention of the
Brother's Grimm who reinterpreted fairy tales to emphasize German nationalism.
Perrault's tales also include more magical beings than the Brother's Grimm, who
often emphasized God as the purveyor of happiness. The intentions of Perrault
are illustrated in his stories and emphasized in his "Morals," which
idealize beauty and grace as some of the most important characteristics a young
woman should possess.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Grimm Brothers<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">The
Grimm Brothers</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">, Jacob</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(1785–1863)
and Wilhelm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> (1786–1859),
were Germanic academics, linguists</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">,
cultural researchers, and authors who together collected folklore</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">. They
are among the most well-known storytellers of European folk tales</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">, and
their work popularized such stories as "Cindirella"</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">, "The Frog Prince"</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">, "</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hansel_and_Gretel" title="Hansel and Gretel"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Hansel and Gretel</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">" (<i>Hänsel
und Gretel</i>), "</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapunzel" title="Rapunzel"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Rapunzel</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">",
"</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpelstiltskin" title="Rumpelstiltskin"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Rumpelstiltskin</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">" (<i>Rumpelstilzchen</i>),
and "</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_White" title="Snow White"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Snow White</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">" (<i>Schneewittchen</i>).
Their first collection of folk tales, </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimms%27_Fairy_Tales" title="Grimms' Fairy Tales"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Children's
and Household Tales</span></a></span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> (<i>Kinder- und
Hausmärchen</i>), was published in 1812.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The brothers spent their formative years first in the
German town of </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Hanau</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> and then in </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinau_an_der_Stra%C3%9Fe" title="Steinau an der Straße"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Steinau</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.
Their father's death in 1796, about a decade into their lives, caused great
poverty for the family and affected the brothers for many years. They attended
the </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Marburg" title="University of Marburg"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">University of
Marburg</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> where historian and jurist </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_von_Savigny" title="Friedrich Carl von Savigny"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Friedrich von
Savigny</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> spurred their interest in </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philology" title="Philology"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">philology</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> and </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_studies" title="Germanic studies"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Germanic studies</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">—a field
in which they are now considered pioneers—and at the same time developed a
curiosity for folklore, which grew into a lifelong dedication to collecting
German folk tales.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The rise of </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">romanticism</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> in
the 19th century revived interest in traditional folk stories, which to the
Grimm brothers represented a pure form of national literature and culture. With
the goal of researching a scholarly treatise on folk tales, the brothers
established a methodology for collecting and recording folk stories that became
the basis for </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folklore_studies" title="Folklore studies"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">folklore studies</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. Between
1812 and 1857 their first collection was revised and published many times, and
grew from 86 stories to more than 200. In addition to writing and modifying
folk tales, the brothers wrote collections of well-respected German and
Scandinavian mythologies and in 1808 wrote a definitive German dictionary (</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsches_W%C3%B6rterbuch" title="Deutsches Wörterbuch"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Deutsches
Wörterbuch</span></a></span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">) that remained incomplete in their lifetime.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The popularity of the Grimms' collected folk tales
endured well beyond their lifetimes. The tales are available in more than 100
translations and have been adapted to popular </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Disney</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> films
such as </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_White_and_the_Seven_Dwarfs_(1937_film)" title="Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs</span></a></span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping_Beauty_(1959_film)" title="Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Sleeping
Beauty</span></a></span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, and</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinderella_(1950_film)" title="Cinderella (1950 film)"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Cinderella</span></a></span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.
In the mid-20th century the tales were used as propaganda by the </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Reich" title="Third Reich"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Third Reich</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">; later
in the 20th century psychologists such as </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Bettelheim" title="Bruno Bettelheim"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Bruno Bettelheim</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> reaffirmed
the value of the work, in spite of the cruelty and violence in the original
versions of some of the tales that were sanitized.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hans
Christian Andersen.<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hans Christian Andersen</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> often
referred to by his initials <b>H. C. Andersen (</b>April 2, 1805 –
August 4, 1875) was a </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Danish</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> author,
fairy tale writer, and poet noted for his </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">children's stories</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.
These include "</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Steadfast_Tin_Soldier" title="The Steadfast Tin Soldier"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">The Steadfast
Tin Soldier</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">," "</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Snow_Queen" title="The Snow Queen"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">The Snow Queen</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,"
"</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Little_Mermaid" title="The Little Mermaid"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">The Little Mermaid</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,"
"</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumbelina" title="Thumbelina"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Thumbelina</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,"
"</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Little_Match_Girl" title="The Little Match Girl"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">The Little
Match Girl</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">," and "</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ugly_Duckling" title="The Ugly Duckling"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">The Ugly Duckling</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">During his lifetime he was acclaimed for having
delighted children worldwide, and was feted by royalty. His poetry and stories have been translated into more than
150 languages. They have inspired motion pictures, plays, ballets, and animated
films.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It was during 1835 that Andersen published the first
installment of his immortal <i>Fairy Tales. </i> More stories, completing the first volume, were published in 1836 and 1837. The
quality of these stories was not immediately recognized, and they sold poorly.
At the same time, Andersen enjoyed more success with two novels <i>O.T.</i> (1836)
and <i>Only a Fiddler.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-37910679426051620222012-10-28T13:36:00.000-07:002012-10-30T03:30:43.377-07:00"Contribution to the analysis of literature for children"<br />
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<i><span lang="EN-US">There
were many significant characters who specialised in the analysis of literature
for children. Each of them studied a specific area or psychological aspects of
kids' mind to know in details their reactions, thoughts as well as feelings
while reading fairy tales. Those incredible genious were: <b>Vladimir
Propp, Bruno Bettelheim, Maria Tatar and Kieran Egan.</b></span></i><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Vladimir
Propp</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> belonged
to a German family who was born on April 17th in St. Petersburg in 1895. He
attended St Petersburg University, where he had Philosophy in German and
Russian languages. After his graduation, he began to teach both at secondary
school to become a German teacher later on.<br />
<br />
After 1938, he focused on Folklore to be chaired the Department of it until he
became part of the Department of Russian literature.<br />
<br />
<b><i>Vladimir Propp</i></b> developed a Russian Formalist Approach to
study and analyse fairy tales, where narratives structures were reduced to a
series of actions performed by the dramatic characters in each story. Propp
also argued that all fairy tales were constructed of certain plot elements,
which he called "functions" that ocurred in an uniform sequence.
These functions were absentation, interdiction, violation of interdiction,
reconnaissance, delivery, trickery, complicity, villiany and lack, mediation,
counter-action and the different roles of heros and villains could play in a
story. Each function explained how they worked jointly, however, fairy tales
also needed several other elements such as their respective plot, settings,
tone, and characters in order to gain a cohesive and well-written tale for
children.<br />
Vladimir Propp died in 1970.<br />
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">
<span style="background-color: white;"></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Read more about V. Propp by clicking <a href="http://tecnicacinematografica.blogspot.com.ar/2009/08/vladimir-propp-y-la-morfologia-del.html">here</a>.</span></span><br />
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Bruno
Bettelheim</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> was
born on August 28th in Viena in 1903. He was a controversial Austrian
Psychoanalyst and Educational Psychologist who pioneered in the aplication of
Psychoanalysis to the treatment of emotionally-disturbed children.<br />
<br />
During his studies in Viena, Bruno was influenced by World War I, the Bolshevik
Revolution, and Sigmund Freud who was the most important one for him since
Bettelheim reflected interest in Psychoanalysis.<br />
<br />
Bruno moved to United States, where he worked as a Psychologist and Psychiatric
Professor at the University of Chicago in 1963. He viewed children's behaviour
as resulting from overwhelmingly negative parents interacting with them during
critical early stages in their Psychological development.<br />
<br />
Afterwards, he published one of his book called "The Uses of Enchantment,
which had a popular Psychoanalytical look at fairy tales. Bruno contributed
that classic fairy tales had an unique importance and impact on children's
development, which could be explored by studying their styles, characters and
themes.<br />
<br />
To begin with, styles were related to happy endings in which good was rewarded
and evil was punished. Bruno explained that children felt more confident to
believe in themselves and have hope as well. He also mentioned that happy
endings satisfied children's spiritual desires.<br />
<br />
Another characteristic of fairy tale style was the classic opening words
"Once upon a time", Bruno made a comparison between real world and
fantasy world where the youngest readers could release their spirit from the
materialistic real world to the happy, vivid and innocent world of the fairy
tale in order to become more optimistic in life.<br />
<br />
Bettelheim mentioned the last issue about fairy tale style, the common use of
"Three main characters" in many classic ones. The number gave
children a sense of security because of their perfect and complete feature.<br />
<br />
On the other hand, characters seemed to be a significant element in every fairy
tale. They could be heros or heroines who must overcome many difficulties,
challenges and obstacles in order to get triumph. According to Bruno
Bettelheim, children tried to imitate their manners as well as their qualities
to be successful in life.<br />
<br />
Another indispensable type of character was the evils who played a violent role
in fairy tales, affecting children's psyche. However, Bruno denied those
negative effects produced by them because kids learnt that they must not do bad
things to appeal punishmemts and they also learnt how to cope with their fears.<br />
<br />
Last but not at least, the theme also played a primordial role in fairy tales.
From Bruno's point of view, the theme depended on what the story was about and
it transmited a meaningful message for kids to train and develop maturity and
independence for the future.<br />
Bruno Bettelheim died in 1990.<br /><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">If you want to read more about Bruno Bettelheim, just click<a href="http://es.scribd.com/doc/48282371/Bruno-Bettelheim-Psicoanalisis-de-Los-Cuentos-de-Hadas"> here</a>.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Maria
Tatar</span></span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> was
a Professor of Gernamic Languages and Literatures. She chaired the programme in
Folklore and Mythology at Havard University, where she taught courses in German
Studies, Folklore, and Children's literature.<br />
<br />
Tatar was interested in how the fairy tales were first written down, what the
cultural variants were, the ways in which the texts reflected the historical
realities of another time and place and the Psychological effects. By providing
children with powerful models for navigating reality, Maria showed, these tales
helped children to survive in the world ruled by adults.<br />
<br />
Tatar also believed that fairy tales were connected with all kind of adult
secrets for they told children about death, romance, marriage and, in some
cases, they would speak about sex and violence.<br />
<br />
Fairy tales were often brutally violent but they acted as a therapy as well as
entertainment for kids. Maria Tatar added that such violence helped little ones
to face their fears, for which they did not yet the exact language developed.
In fact, children were weak and vulnerable to control their anxieties, too. In
that case, adults played an important role to clarify children fears through
explanations, experience, among others.<br />
<br />
At last, Tatar expressed that stories shared moral aspects, giving life's
lessons and transmitting marvellous messages for kids. Nevertheless, she
explained that moral was often added to fairy tales when they were rewritten
for children.</span>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">
Maria Tatar´s <a href="http://people.fas.harvard.edu/~tatar/Maria_Tatar/About_Me.html">Offical Page.</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US">Kieran
Egan</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US"> was
born in Ireland in 1942, and he was brought up and educated in England. He
graduated in 1966. During his career, he worked as a Professor in many
Universities and he was also the Founder and Director of the Imaginative
Education Research Group, where he found out Education involved some kind of
development on children, especially intellectual tools, like Language or
Mathematics and thus, their Psychological Process became more mature to acquire
knowledge to learn and understand concepts in a better way.Egan developed an
Imaginative Approach to Teaching to help kids to become more knowledgeable and
more creative in their thinking. In fact, that new approach offered an
understanding of how children's imagination worked in learning and showed how
children acquired cognitive tools to promote creativity in the classroom. To
achieve that, educators could imply a variety of effective teaching tools such
as story, rhythym, play, opposition, agency, and meta-narrative understanding
to awaken kids' intelligence and imagination.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Futhermore,
Kieran proposed the use of intellectual tools, particularly Language or
Literacy to generate successive kinds of understanting, like somatic, mythic,
romantic, philosophical, and ironic. Egan concluded that if teachers put them
into practice, their way of teaching would change completely and children would
be more engaged in the classroom.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span lang="EN-US">
<b><i>To put it briefly, each of these well-known prof</i></b></span><b style="line-height: 1.6em;"><i>essionals contributed
through different techniques to the analysis of literature for children.</i></b></span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, serif;">
</span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b><i>In </i>you want to read more about K. Egan and the proposed tools<a href="http://www.ierg.net/seminars/tools.html/?searchterm=None"> click here</a>.</b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
</div>
Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-48165373876233077562012-10-28T12:55:00.001-07:002012-10-30T03:30:17.678-07:00PROPP´s TAXONOMY<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQwZXceHWHeeHpDIaOz900hsvE649d2flAIdd68aNET0mXmMU8YI0kP9sHmdLYtF9jyxjdArbIASjTgZIvPU4j8lgL_MSKx9Zin0VtYQor5b_QbtZoU5mNlGVV-9Q87Hf-pgwc4LVk0EkS/s1600/FileFairy_Tales_(Boston_Public_Library).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQwZXceHWHeeHpDIaOz900hsvE649d2flAIdd68aNET0mXmMU8YI0kP9sHmdLYtF9jyxjdArbIASjTgZIvPU4j8lgL_MSKx9Zin0VtYQor5b_QbtZoU5mNlGVV-9Q87Hf-pgwc4LVk0EkS/s320/FileFairy_Tales_(Boston_Public_Library).jpg" width="216" /></a></div>
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</h3>
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Propp´ s taxonomy</h3>
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<b><u>SNOW WHITE</u></b><br />
<ul>
<li>According to Vladimir Propp there must be a princess and her father in fairly tales (Snow White and her father), a villain (Snow White´s step-mother), a hero (the Prince), a helper (they are the seven dwarves). He had also found certain recurrent points that created a constant structure in fairy tales. All these points, which are called functions, are not always present in all the tales. For instance, in Snow White ABSENTATION is depicted by the absence of her mother and careless masculine role that her father had in the story, INFORMATION function is represented by the moment when the step-mother is said that Snow White is the most beautiful woman in the kingdom so she represented a future rival for her, COMPLICITY is mainly depicted in two moments in the tale, the victim is deceived by a woodcutter and then by her step-mother dressed up as a sweet and old woman. Another function is VILLAINY which is carried out at the very beginning in the story when the evil step-mother decided to kill Snow White because of her beauty. The LIQUIDATION is the moment which the villainy is repaired, for example when the loyal woodcutter became disobedient and let Snow White to go away in order to preserve her life. Another one function is the RETURN, at just the end of the tale the hero went back to the Kingdom, and got the RECOGNITION of the dwarves when the prince kissed Snow White and suddenly, she woke up surprisingly. PUNISHMENT takes place at the end of the fairy tale when the merciless step-mother fell down to precipice while she tried to escape from the dwarves´pursuit. Finally, the WEDDING is the most typical characteristic and the last one point to be considered, here our hero marries the princess and they lived happily for ever.</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<u><b>According to Cindirella´s video, Propp´s taxonomy follows the following patters:</b></u></div>
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<ul>
<li><b><u>SETTING</u></b>: the where and when (A farewell kingdom, many years ago:)</li>
<li><b><u>CHARACTERS</u></b>: <b> HERO</b>: main good character: <i><b>PROTAGONIST</b></i></li>
<ul><ul><ul>
<li><b>VILLAIN</b>: main bad character: <b><i>ANTAGONIST</i></b></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><u><b>SEQUENCE</b></u>: Series of events.<b> PLOT</b>: all the action that takes place in the story.</li>
<ul>
<li><b>EXPOSITION</b>: background information of the characters or the setting (first part of the plot). It may about what happened before the story began).</li>
<li><b>CONFLICT</b>: most important thing that happens in the story. Characters are against each other (Hero trying to help someone and Villain trying to stop hero).</li>
<li><b>CLIMAX</b>: when the conflic of the plot is resolved. Turning point (Hero saves princess). The most exciting part.</li>
<li><b>RESOLUTION:</b> end of the story. It takes place after the climax. You learn what happened to the characters after the conflic is resolved.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-33097511350911294492012-10-25T12:28:00.001-07:002012-10-25T12:36:07.576-07:00WHAT IS THE ENDING? <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8Q3WceOGt-5py1PPgcDzrFTEOq8dA-rqkXaUxJuyknEFy5WUgnp30FX1eUseLV5MjW8RachwyQtrLXkeG7fGNVEYAN-bt7iYnGio8jWs-d2MU7FnVO6Jc_KQnK6DQ4aG-uyc-Kk8tezdj/s1600/250px-Utamaro_Yama-uba_and_Kintaro_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8Q3WceOGt-5py1PPgcDzrFTEOq8dA-rqkXaUxJuyknEFy5WUgnp30FX1eUseLV5MjW8RachwyQtrLXkeG7fGNVEYAN-bt7iYnGio8jWs-d2MU7FnVO6Jc_KQnK6DQ4aG-uyc-Kk8tezdj/s320/250px-Utamaro_Yama-uba_and_Kintaro_3.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">All the
animals started organizing their fights as a sport, but they enjoyed them very
much. The wild bear turned to be the strongest among the animals. These fights
were similar to current martial arts, and nobody was seriously hurt. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">On day, Kintaro
wrestled the brave bear and Kintaro won. He proved to be extremely strong, but
extremely loyal and truthful at the same time. All animals loved and respected
him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The
daughter of an Emperor was found in the forest by one of the animals, who
immediately called Kintaro due to the animals ´ impossibility to talk to
humans. Kintaro got in love with the beautiful girl and at the same time he realized that soon, she
would go back to her place. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">It was very
late that night, and the girl decided to spend the night there with the animals and Kintaro. By the
first second the sun appeared behind the hills and the beautiful girl opened
her eyes, Kintaro had already built a wooden boat for the girl to return to her
mother land. However, she refused to go and stayed with Kintaro and the animals
for the rest of their lives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">As days
passed, the girl also involved herself in the fights. She was the only living
being who was able to defeat Kintaro. This was enough for Kintaro to get in
love with her, and they lived together every after: Kintaro, the Emperor´s
daughter and the animals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-82408402422706878722012-10-24T13:25:00.002-07:002012-10-24T13:25:50.799-07:00Traditional Tales: History and Genre <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXT86kCejMI5f805CGSbyZcQ8IqEdP2dKW3CLCffvD2j5Y69LgKeh0NoTtuEnbN-8N5AaCmESPU8TMls9f8ZGFxX5AT6YNUNg0KuFJqGTWyDtQngnLJbd8-KpwSP4FaD4H60JSv08qlfyV/s1600/mind+map+ultimo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXT86kCejMI5f805CGSbyZcQ8IqEdP2dKW3CLCffvD2j5Y69LgKeh0NoTtuEnbN-8N5AaCmESPU8TMls9f8ZGFxX5AT6YNUNg0KuFJqGTWyDtQngnLJbd8-KpwSP4FaD4H60JSv08qlfyV/s320/mind+map+ultimo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-86580293668804574032012-10-10T11:13:00.002-07:002012-10-24T12:23:58.602-07:00NAME CALLING ADS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXXtdJPiXRxFEG-1h6BZ5_-BzFNtK5FE5KFMd1mhS_isT77BjKkXbAzXM4c0bbUlLHjnTAZ8Pj7-fkFtTFLuQCLrricQay6VeyQl1dyfw4b87kkJrH4H8R9bZcG9wre2gBoJs6kiDMbZ4v/s1600/0.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXXtdJPiXRxFEG-1h6BZ5_-BzFNtK5FE5KFMd1mhS_isT77BjKkXbAzXM4c0bbUlLHjnTAZ8Pj7-fkFtTFLuQCLrricQay6VeyQl1dyfw4b87kkJrH4H8R9bZcG9wre2gBoJs6kiDMbZ4v/s320/0.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
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This is a clear example of the so-called name calling ads (attack ads). Thanks God, such ads. are not allowed in our country. What are they? Ads like this, usually diminish competitors image explicitly. The picture above shows a commercial about the current American President Obama. In this picture, nothing is mentioned about the new proposals by the opposition candidate, the idea is just to blame a president for the anount of hispanic poverty in America. Being it true or not, it think is is not a fair message to give. Anyway, what is the real aim of this ad?<br />
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<b>More name-calling ads....</b><br />
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As the economy gets more competitive, marketers are getting nasty, too.</div>
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From soup companies to pizza chains, marketers are stepping up their so-called attack ads, calling out rivals by name, comparing products and poking fun at competitors.</div>
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I do like advertising from time to time. I think advertising gives away a lot about how companies operate and what their internal values are.When looking up some ads in Google I came across an ad for Citrix, look at this picture:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7KyTMq8wkotSX0Bl-bUYlrVLlI7aiOK3DNw1C9dAsBGTVtM1qIKSqNe0aqP9TDGwDPJOpsTh4LxN3YRMeuL9NJWgsmgGeA-R4DhjdZaOV-nkvi942L1XwXDoHE2oxQANXW7urWJL5chcF/s1600/bestVDIsolution1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7KyTMq8wkotSX0Bl-bUYlrVLlI7aiOK3DNw1C9dAsBGTVtM1qIKSqNe0aqP9TDGwDPJOpsTh4LxN3YRMeuL9NJWgsmgGeA-R4DhjdZaOV-nkvi942L1XwXDoHE2oxQANXW7urWJL5chcF/s1600/bestVDIsolution1.gif" /></a></div>
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The ad is somewhat funny actually. Citrix says that their solution with HDX is faster than VMware View. </div>
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This looks a lot like some sales training programme where they teach you to sell your product like: “Our product is the best because the competitors product is worse.” Why do companies feel the need to point out that they are better than their direct competitor?</div>
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If you know your product is good, why don’t you just use the strong points to make an ad. Just stop throwing mud at your competitor and make a real commercial or ad?</div>
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Advertisers are increasingly taking each other on head to head, comparing their products and poking fun. Here you have some examples: </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv5HZAYJn68i4JMEEtah82tOEl_0jLj5BkPU3Y4JCQF2awnZYnj5gMV5w2r553r9R0zh91Y9C_UQZERIUChyt9jI7w0j-9Gt7iInQC-uFnwhgfoU3ywfRzy-ZRc_SqGwUXZZIVlxM3S-2B/s1600/MK-AS123A_ADVER_D_20081001214636.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv5HZAYJn68i4JMEEtah82tOEl_0jLj5BkPU3Y4JCQF2awnZYnj5gMV5w2r553r9R0zh91Y9C_UQZERIUChyt9jI7w0j-9Gt7iInQC-uFnwhgfoU3ywfRzy-ZRc_SqGwUXZZIVlxM3S-2B/s1600/MK-AS123A_ADVER_D_20081001214636.jpg" /></a></div>
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Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-50735329225132620752012-10-06T08:16:00.002-07:002012-10-24T12:38:46.018-07:00Monster.com BIG LEGS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Would you apply for this job? Believe it or not, this commercial was produced here in our country, and I was part of the production service company. The location is a wonderful place called CAMPANOPOLIS in the Province of Buenos Aires. The main production company is MOXY PICTURES (Los Angeles). As you will hear, no official or existing language was necessary for the message to be understood...Can you recognise any word?...<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Monster.com is a worldwide company of job advisory
services. According to the ad, they have the right position for the right candidate.
Its main office is located in the United States, but as it is an on-line
company, its canditates belong to the whole world. The product advertised is a
service, so there is no product present there, just the service´s concept. This
ad was produced in Buenos Aires and its clear message is that there is always a
job position for every kind of person.</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I think that
this kind of companies are very useful today, and most of the junior
professionals start working after applying for a specific position in advisory
services on-line. </span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I can associate the protagonist of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the commercial, a giant, with the size of the
company, so, association is a technique used in this case to identify the
hidden persuaders.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I really love the setting of the ad, and the lack of
any official language used in it. If you watch it, it is impossible to relate
it to any specific place, country, and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>you do not recognize a specific language when the giant talks… words are
only a mixture of sounds, in a somewhere land… However, the effect is
extraordinary, and there is not much information provided by the commercial,
only the fact that this company may find the right job position for you, with
no sex or age distinction.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I would not change the advertisement at all. I love it
and I believe that it clearly reflects the service Monster.com offers.</span></div>
Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611434228212356294.post-45697676211168442942012-09-28T13:42:00.002-07:002012-10-10T11:15:29.735-07:00First steps...Let's have a look at this link about the different types of Ads...<a href="http://www.google.com.ar/imgres?imgurl=http://b1969d.medialib.glogster.com/media/47482eb78a47e205dd2bd762e068716ec6db7930a0d9cb417a50e637f1b8880b/name-calling.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.glogster.com/tobehonest1/types-of-advertising-/g-6lioel0hvfhvhpemic0ava0&usg=__0RVvwutVTPxBPg0M6RwLNcNWyDg=&h=410&w=590&sz=41&hl=es&start=11&zoom=1&tbnid=RdCkuxNQgP9zxM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=135&ei=fbl1UMPTHYT48gSE0IG4DQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dname%2Bcalling%2Badvertising%26hl%3Des%26client%3Dsafari%26sa%3DX%26rls%3Den%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1">http://www.google.com.ar/imgres?imgurl=http://b1969d.medialib.glogster.com/media/47482eb78a47e205dd2bd762e068716ec6db7930a0d9cb417a50e637f1b8880b/name-calling.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.glogster.com/tobehonest1/types-of-advertising-/g-6lioel0hvfhvhpemic0ava0&usg=__0RVvwutVTPxBPg0M6RwLNcNWyDg=&h=410&w=590&sz=41&hl=es&start=11&zoom=1&tbnid=RdCkuxNQgP9zxM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=135&ei=fbl1UMPTHYT48gSE0IG4DQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dname%2Bcalling%2Badvertising%26hl%3Des%26client%3Dsafari%26sa%3DX%26rls%3Den%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1</a>Andrea Fareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08088681453592250632noreply@blogger.com2